BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Sources:

Ayers, Edward L. American Passages a History of the United States. New York [u.a.: Wadsworth, 2007. Print.
There was a quote we used from the book that best summed up what Child Labor was for, so we used it to support why child labor should be stopped. "Photographers educated the public about the existence of these conditions in the years 1890 to 1910, and images such as [the] one [taken by Lewis Hine] helped create the popular awareness behind the political and economic reforms of this period."  

"Child Labor in America: Investigative Photos of Lewis Hine." The History Place. 1998. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. <http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/>.
Photographs taken by Lewis Hine were exemplary because it gave Child Labor a face and that face was not condoned by much of the public. We used his photographs to illisutrate that point.

"DWD History - 1883-1911 Bureau of Labor Statistics." Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. Web. 02 Feb. 2011. <http://dwd.wisconsin.gov/dwd/dwdhistory/year_pages/wis_bls.htm>.
Statistics are important because numbers support the content details and the thesis itself to better prove our point that Child Labor did spark a debate, the statistics taken from this site proves it.
"The Gilded Age: 1865-1900." Academic American History. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://www.academicamerican.com/recongildedage/topics/gildedage2.html>.
This website gave great statistics on the lives of the laborers during the Gilded Age.

Holland, Ruth Robins. Mill Child. [New York]: Crowell-Collier, 1970. Print.
Ruth Holland was a Child Labor abolishment advocate. She was one of the main people, other than Hine, who wanted to get Child Labor some public attention.

Jackson, Kenneth T., and David S. Dunbar. Empire City: New York through the Centuries. New York: Columbia UP, 2002. Print.
A story by Helen Campbell tells of Child Labor in New York around the same time frame (1892). 

"Our Documents - Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 (1916)." Welcome to OurDocuments.gov. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=59>.
This was used to access the Keating-Owen Act from the National Archives.

Pagnoli, Filips. "Statistics on Child Labor | P.A.P.-BLOG – HUMAN RIGHTS ETC."P.A.P.-BLOG – HUMAN RIGHTS ETC. | This Is a Blog about Human Rights – including Political and Economic Human Rights Such as the Right to Participate in Government (democracy Being a Subset of Human Rights) and the Right Not to Suffer Poverty – Seen from the Perspective of Politics, Art, Philosophy (hence P.a.p.), Law, Economics and Statistics. Apr. 2008. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. 
<http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-labor-conditions/statistics-on-child-labor/>.
Again, we have more statistics and facts to show how child labor is affecting, not only the U.S. but the world as well.

Secondary Sources:

1900, By. "Child Labor in U.S. History - The Child Labor Education Project." Division of Continuing Education - The University of Iowa. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/us_history.html>.
 We used this website’s timeline to help determine the basis of our timeline, using the different dates to guide us in the different periods of the industrial revolution. We also used the picture of the women on strike for our gallery. This source was important to our website because it was basic information in the development of the debate of child labor. "BLS Publications." U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. <http://www.bls.gov/opub/>.

We used this website to help add to our timeline. The information from the pdf source http://www.bls.gov/opub/rylf/pdf/chapter2.pdf gave us more information in the downfall of child labor. It helped us learn about the legislature and the different laws that were enacted in order to decrease child labor.

"Child Labor in the US." Stopchildlabor. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. <http://www.stopchildlabor.org/USchildlabor/fact1.htm>.
This website gave us a good idea of what is considered child labor today. There is a list that shows what is illegal for children below 16 years of age to do as work. The list helped us have a general idea of what children would be doing if there was no controversy over child labor, and we used this list in our statistics tab.

"DWD History - 1883-1911 Bureau of Labor Statistics." Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. <http://dwd.wisconsin.gov/dwd/dwdhistory/year_pages/wis_bls.htm>.
We used the timeline on this website to add to the one we have on our project. The Department of Workforce Development helped us find the different laws that determined the decrease in child labor. The information gained was about the laws the legislature created.

"Gap: Report of Kids' Sweatshop 'deeply Disturbing' - CNN." Featured Articles from CNN. 29 Oct. 2007. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. <http://articles.cnn.com/2007-10-29/world/gap.labor_1_clothing-retailer-gap-child-labor-gap-kids-stores?_s=PM:WORLD>.
This article was used as an example of how child labor is still used today. Even though it usually isn't seen in the U.S. anymore, other countries rely on it a lot. But this controversy was a great example because an American based company did not know that its international factories were using child labor. The contrasting issues are what made this a great example.

Hine, Lewis. "Item Details." Teaching with Primary Sources Northern Virginia Partnership. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://tpsnva.sonjara.com/primary_sources/item.php?item=10025>.
This picture was used to advertise the NCLC, and we used this picture to represent the NCLC on our website. This was also a great secondary source because it gave the most basic idea of what the NCLC was fighting for. The picture in the shape of the United States shows just how much of a hardship it was for children during this time. It represents the old saying “a picture is worth a thousand words”.

"Keating-Owen Act." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkeatingA.htm>.
This website served as a secondary source because it was a basic summary of the Keating-Owen Act. It gave a short explanation of what the Keating-Owen act was created for, and what happened to it. This short explanation helped us understand this period of time and some excerpts from this website were used on our website as well.

"Lewis Hine Project." MORNINGS ON MAPLE STREET. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. <http://www.morningsonmaplestreet.com/lewishine.html>. 
This website was a basic place for our information on Lewis Hine. He was mostly known for the pictures he had done to help the National Child Labor Committee fight against child labor. This showed us some of his greatest masterpieces, which was useful in getting an idea of the kinds of situations of child labor that he looked for.

"Lewis Hine." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRhine.htm>.
This website was most useful in learning about Lewis Hine as a person. The section about Lewis Hine on our website has many quotes pulled from this website, which is what makes up our summary of Lewis Hine. This website helped us to know who Lewis Hine was as a person and advocate of NCLC, and it helped with our further research since we knew what to look for about him.

"National Child Labor Committee: About Us." National Child Labor Committee.  National Child Labor Committee. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://www.nationalchildlabor.org/>.
Because this is the actual website of the National Child Labor Committee, it was easy to find the exact information we need on the committee. This “about us” tab was what gave us our key information to explain exactly what the committee is about. The website gave us dates and statistical information about this committee, which helped us to pair up the committee with what was actually happening with child labor during that time period, and it also gave a great summary of the goals of the committee.
Linehan, Elizabeth. "A Brief History of Child Labor in America." Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. 3 July 2010. Web. 25 Feb. 2011. <http://www.suite101.com/content/the-history-of-child-labor-in-america-a257217>.
Images:
Blues, Turnip. "Helen Campbell | LibraryThing." LibraryThing | Catalog Your Books Online. Web. 03 Feb. 2011. <http://www.librarything.com/author/campbellhelen>.
Image of Helen Campbell

"Child Labor in U.S. History - The Child Labor Education Project." Division of Continuing Education - The University of Iowa. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/us_history.html>.

CHILD LABOUR. International Labour Organization. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inf/wdacl/english.htm>.

 Dunder, Jonathan. Art by Lewis Hine. Digital image. Museum Syndicate: Experience Art and History. Jonathan Dunder. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. <http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=736>.

GAP shopping bag. Digital image. The USA Newspaper. Economy News, 22 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://www.economynews.us/economy/gap-to-invest-in-thailand/>.

Hine, Lewis. Baseball team of mostly child laborers from a glassmaking factoring. Digital image. Juggle.com. Web. 13 Dec. 2010. <http://www.juggle.com/lewis-hine>.  

Hine, Lewis. Girls in Textile Industry. Digital image. About.com. Library of Congress. Web. 13 Dec. 2010. <http://womenshistory.about.com/od/essentials/ig/Wordless-Wednesday/Child-Labor-NC-1908.htm>.  

Hine, Lewis. Image of Child Labor. Digital image. Ludwig Von Mises Institute. Jeffrey A. Tucker. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. <http://mises.org/daily/2858>.  

Hine, Lewis. "Item Details." Teaching with Primary Sources Northern Virginia Partnership. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://tpsnva.sonjara.com/primary_sources/item.php?item=10025>.

Hine, Lewis. Sweeper and doffer boys in Lancaster Cotton Mills. Digital image. National Archives. Records of the Children Bureau. Web. 13 Dec. 2010. <http://www.archives.gov/press/press-kits/picturing-the-century-photos/gallery2.html>.

Keating-Owen Chile Labor Act of 1916. Digital image. Our Documents. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc_large_image.php?flash=old&doc=59>. 


Rizzo, Mary. "Google Image Result for Http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/other/SAMPLES/zj_ct02.gif." Uprooted Palestinians. Blogger.com, 22 Jan. 2009. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/other/SAMPLES/zj_ct02.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/topic_political.html&usg=__WlSGRiy0xRsd6WSdg_Z99GrBNBk=&h=383&w=375&sz=30&hl=en&&zoom=1&tbnid=9fhIk-o3C3NdLM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=126&ei=b_1mTcHZF4--sAPxgoCpBA&prev=/images?q=child+labor+political+cartoons&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1280&bih=680&tbs=isch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=447&oei=b_1mTcHZF4--sAPxgoCpBA&page=1&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=77&ty=111>.Image of father carrying dead son


Wikipedia. "File:Child Labour Cartoon Hine No 3499.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Wikipedia. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Child_labour_cartoon_Hine_no_3499.jpg>.


Garcia, James. "Google Image Result for Http://www.usd116.org/ProfDev/AHTC/lessons/Garcia09/cartoons/ChildLabor.jpg."Political Cartoons as Muckrakes. Centennial High School, 2009. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.usd116.org/ProfDev/AHTC/lessons/Garcia09/cartoons/ChildLabor.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.usd116.org/ProfDev/AHTC/lessons/Garcia09/Garcia09.htm&usg=__7xR6TmVpoo-pUTN-pNFWLLPbrfM=&h=393&w=354&sz=47&hl=en&&zoom=1&tbnid=IW9X77Rcln9VoM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=106&ei=TZ5mTePfCoaisAO5-_SoBA&prev=/images?q=political+cartoons+on+child+labor&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1280&bih=680&tbs=isch:10,53&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=116&vpy=292&dur=293&hovh=237&hovw=213&tx=123&ty=97&oei=TZ5mTePfCoaisAO5-_SoBA&page=1&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:0&biw=1280&bih=680>.


Wikipedia. "Google Image Result for Http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/The_road_to_dividend_child_labour_cartoon_.jpg." The Road to Dividend Child Labour Cartoon. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/The_road_to_dividend_child_labour_cartoon_.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_road_to_dividend_child_labour_cartoon_.jpg&usg=__a-5Pm5PlTVreV-dgjWT4I3uodps=&h=812&w=1024&sz=186&hl=en&&zoom=0&tbnid=G4UgSoOR48JanM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=150&ei=OgBnTcjoEJKesQPgvdmmBA&prev=/images?q=child+labor+political+cartoons&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&biw=1280&bih=680&tbs=isch:1,isz:l&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=241&oei=7P5mTcKjIZGosQP36umoBA&page=1&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=78&ty=60>.


Korea Times. "Google Image Result for Http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/upload/news/071101_p7_cartoon_Indian-ch.jpg." Indian Child Labor Scandal. The Korea Times, 1 Nov. 2007. Web. 25 Feb. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/upload/news/071101_p7_cartoon_Indian-ch.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2007/11/137_12956.html&usg=__qMayboG9F6cYMNUM_19GowwtTP4=&h=318&w=450&sz=105&hl=en&&zoom=1&tbnid=dMFSUMLhafmMiM:&tbnh=139&tbnw=197&ei=M_5nTZOCJo26sAPMwvWmBA&prev=/images?q=child+labor+cartoons&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&biw=1280&bih=680&tbs=isch:10,534&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=845&vpy=332&dur=959&hovh=189&hovw=267&tx=187&ty=214&oei=MP5nTaeEFIK2sAPFovGoBA&page=2&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:29&biw=1280&bih=680>.